七上英语语法丨There be 句型的用法！
There be句型的用法
There be句型表示“(某处)有(某物/人)”。 基本结构为“There be+某物/人+某地”。
（注意:表达某人有某物，要用have/has）。
一、There be与have(has)的区别:
there be句型表达的是"某个地方存在某人/某物"； 而have和has则表示"某人拥有某物”， 如:
There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 The boy has a bike.那个男孩有一辆自行车。
There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有一些书。
I have some books in my schoolbag. 我书包里有一些书。
二、There be句型的结构:
1.There is+a/an单数可数+地点状语
There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。
2.There are+复数可数+地点状语
①There are four apples on the tree.
树上有四个苹果。
②There are some flowers in the park.
公园里有许多花。
3.There is+不可数名词+地点状语
①There is some water in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些水。 (水是不可数名词，be动词用单数)
三、There be 的就近原则:
There be句型中be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。单数is复数are。 如:
①There is a table in the room.
房间里有一张桌子。
②There are some birds in the tree.
树上有很多鸟。
③There is some milk in the glass.
玻璃杯里有些牛奶。
④There are some books on the desk.
书桌上有几本书。
重点考点:There be句型中，几个名词并列时，be 的单复数形式由最近名词单复数决定。如:
①There is a bed, a desk, and two photos in my room.
②There are two photos, a bed and a desk in my room.
四、There be 句型的疑问句及回答:
(一)一般疑问句把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。 当肯定句中有some时，要改为any (否定变化也一样)。
①There is some water on Mars.
火星上有一些水
→Is there any water on Mars?
火星上有水吗？
②There are some fish in the water.
水里有一些鱼
→Are there any fish in the water?
水里有鱼吗？
(二)There be句型的回答
①肯定回答:Yes,there is/are.
②否定回答:No,there isn'+/aren’t.
(三)特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词+be动词+there+其他
①There are （some boys） playing football on the playground.操场上有几个男孩在踢足球。→Who are there playing football on the playground?操场上有谁在踢足球？
②There may be （a bottle） in the box.箱子里可能有一个瓶子。→What may be there in the box？箱子里可能有什么？
③There are（ eight eggs） in the basket. (肯定句)篮子里有八个鸡蛋。→How many eggs are there in the basket? (特殊疑问句)篮子里有几个鸡蛋？
1.对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Who”提问；当主语是物时，用“What”。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，提问时一般都用be的单数形式，回答时根据实际情况来决定。
①There are （many things） over there.（那边有很多东西）→What's over there?（那边是什么？）
②There is （a little girl ）in the room.（房间里有个小女孩）→Who is in the room?（谁在房间里？）
2.对地点提问：提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”
①There is（a computer （on the desk）.（桌子上有一台电脑）→Where is the computer？（电脑在哪里？）
3.对数量提问：
How many+复数名词+are there+地点短语？
How much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语？
①There are（ two） chairs in the bedroom.卧室里有两把椅子。→How many chairs are there in the bedroom?卧室里有多少把椅子？
①单数可数名词肯定句
There is an apple on the tree.树上有个苹果。变为一般疑问句：Is there an apple on the tree?树上有苹果吗？
肯定回答：Yes, there is.
否定回答：No, there isn’t.
就an apple提问：
What's on the tree?树上有什么？
②.复数可数名词肯定句：
There are five boys in the classroom.教室里有五个男孩。
一般疑问句：Are there five boys in the classroom?教室里有五个男孩吗？
肯定回答：Yes, there are.
否定回答 No, there aren’t.
就数量提问：How many boys are there in the classroom?教室里有几个男孩？
③不可数名词
肯定句： There is some water in the cup. （水是不可数名词）（杯子里有些水）
疑问句： Is there any water in the cup?（杯子里有水吗？）
肯定回答：Yes, there is.
否定回答: No, there isn’t.
（四）There be 句型的否定：
在be后面加not即可，
is not =isn’t，are not= aren’t
注意：句中如果出现some则改成any.
1.There is a knife in the kitchen.厨房里有一把刀。否定：There is not a knife in the kitchen.厨房里没有刀。
2.There are five apples on the tree.树上有五个苹果。否定：There are not five apples on the tree.树上没有五个苹果。
3.There is some ink in the bottle. 瓶子里有墨水。否定：There is not any ink in the bottle.瓶子里没有墨水。ink是墨水，不可数名词。
4.There are some birds singing in the tree. 树上有几只鸟儿在歌唱。否定：There are not any birds singing in the tree.树上没有鸟儿在歌唱。
五、There be 句型的时态
①一般现在时:there is/are
②一般过去时:there was/were
There was a bike under the tree yesterday.
昨天树下有一辆自行车。
③一般将来时:
there will be/there is going to be
There is going to be a football match in our school next week. 下周我们学校将有一场足球赛。
六、 There be句型的拓展:
与情态动词连用:
表肯定推测:there may/must be:可能有/肯定有表否定推测:there can'tbe:不可能有
There can't be forty books in the schoolbag. 书包里不可能有40本书。
七、反义疑问句: 基本结构:
陈述句部分，be(not)there? (口诀:前否定，后肯定；前肯定，后否定)
There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn' +there? 花园里有一个漂亮的女孩，不是吗？ There are some books on the table, aren' t there? 桌子上有些书，不是吗？
